Explanation of Korean BanmalClick the speaker icon in the box to listen to the Korean speech on the Google Translate page. Korean banmal is an informal and casual speech level used with close friends, family members, and children. Unlike jondaenmal (polite speech), banmal focuses on expressing intimacy rather than showing respect to the other person. 간단한 문장 구조: 반말은 존댓말보다 간단하고 직접적인 문장 구조를 사용합니다. 예를 들어, 존댓말에서는 "밥 먹었어요?"라고 말하는 반면, 반말에서는 "밥 먹어?" 라고 말합니다. Simple sentence structure: Banmal uses simpler and more direct sentence structures than jondaenmal. For example, instead of saying "밥을 먹었어요?" (Have you eaten?) in jondaenmal, one would say "밥 먹었어?” in banmal. Contracted vocabulary: Banmal often uses contracted forms of words compared to jondaenmal. For instance, instead of saying "고맙습니다" (Thank you) in jondaenmal, one would say "고마워" in banmal. Informal expressions: Banmal employs more informal expressions than jondaenmal. For example, instead of saying "이것은 무엇입니까?" (What is this?), one would say "이거 뭐야?" in banmal. 반말 사용 시 주의 사항: 상대방과의 관계: 반말은 친한 사람이나 가족, 어린아이에게만 사용해야 합니다. 나이가 많거나 존경하는 사람에게 반말을 사용하는 것은 무례한 것으로 간주됩니다. 반말은 모든 상황에서 적절한 것은 아닙니다. 공식적인 장소나 낯선 사람과 대화할 때는 존댓말을 사용하는 것이 좋습니다. Relationship with the other person: Banmal should only be used with close friends, family members, and children. Using banmal with someone older or more respected is considered rude. Banmal is not appropriate for all situations. It is better to use jondaenmal in formal settings or when talking to strangers. 
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What is 사이시옷 (saisiot)? 사이시옷 (saisiot) is a Korean word that refers to the consonant ㅅ(siot) that is inserted between two nouns to create a compound noun. When two words are combined to form a new compound word, "ㅅ(siot)" is added at the end of the previous word to indicate that the first syllable of the following word should be pronounced strongly. When 사이시옷 is used? 사이시옷 is used to connect two nouns into a new compound noun that has a specific meaning. The meaning of the compound noun is usually related to the meanings of the two original nouns. For example, the word 고춧가루 (gochukkaru) is a compound noun made up of the words 고추 (gochu, "red pepper") and 가루 (garu, "powder"). The 사이시옷 ㅅ connects the two nouns and creates a new noun with the meaning "red pepper powder". The inserted "ㅅ(siot)" makes the sound of "가" in "가루" pronounced strong such as "까루." Thus, the pronunciation of "고춧가루" is "고추까루(gochukkaru)." When two words are combined to make one word, ㅅ is added at the end of the preceding word that ends in a vowel to indicate that the following word sound should be pronounced strongly. Therefore, if the word that follows is a strong sound (ㄲ, ㄸ, ㅃ, ㅆ, ㅉ) or an aspirated sound(ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ), then 사이시옷(saisiot) is not used. 사이시옷(saisiot) is also used when the "ㄴ" sound is added between nouns. When "노래(Song)" and "말(Word)" are combined, it is pronounced as 노랜말(noraenmal), that is "ㄴ" is added between "노래" and "말". To use 사이시옷(saisiot) correctly, you must learn the standard pronunciation well. Even if the words end with the same "말(mal)", the reason why 사이시옷(saisiot) is used for ‘존댓말" meaning "Honorific words" and 사이시옷(saisiot) is not used for "인사말" meaning "Greetings" is because the standard pronunciations for each are 존댄말 and 인사말, respectively. Key points about 사이시옷:
Examples when 사이시옷(saisiot) is used : 시냇가(sinaekka), 바닷가(badakka), 빗물(binmul), 아랫마을(alaenmaeul), 나뭇잎(namunnip), 깻잎(ggaennip). Examples when 사이시옷(saisiot) is not used :
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