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Final ending (어말어미)

7/7/2024

Final ending(어말어미) is not just a theoretical concept, but a practical tool in Korean grammar. It's an ending that comes at the end of a verb, adjective, or predicate particle when it is conjugated. There are connective endings(연결어미) that connect to the next word, transformative endings(전성어미) that change the part of speech, and final endings(종결어미) that conclude the sentence. These final endings are essential for forming complete sentences in Korean and conveying meaning effectively.

Connective endings (연결 어미): These endings connect to the next word, allowing for the creation of complex sentences and phrases.
Ex) "-고" (and) - 나는 밥을 먹고 친구를 만났다. (I ate rice and met my friend.)
Transformative endings (전성 어미): These endings change the part of speech of the word they are attached to, allowing for flexibility in sentence construction.
- Noun transformative endings (명사형 전성 어미)
Ex) "-ㅁ/음"
그의 꿈은 세계 여행을 하는 것이다. (His dream is to travel around the world.) 꾸다(Verb) --> 꿈(Noun) 그의 울음은 나를 슬프게 했다. (His crying made me sad.) 울다(Verb) --> 울음(Noun)
- Determiner/Unconjugated adjective transformative endings (관형사형 전성 어미)
Ex) "-ㄴ/은"
예쁜 꽃이 피었다. (A pretty flower bloomed.) 예쁘다(Adjective) --> 예쁜(Determiner adjective) 적은 돈이라도 아껴 쓰세요. (Even if you have a small amount of money, save it.) 적다(Adjective) --> 적은(Determiner adjective)
- Adverbial transformative endings (부사형 전성 어미)
Ex) "-게"
그는 빠르게 달린다. (He runs fast.)
These transformative endings allow you to change the part of speech of a word, making it easier to express complex ideas and nuances in Korean.
Sentence endings (종결 어미): These endings conclude the sentence, expressing various moods, tenses, and attitudes.
Ex) "-습니다" (polite declarative sentence ending) - 저는 한국어를 공부합니다. (I study Korean.)

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Is a particle (조사) a word?

7/3/2024

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A word is the smallest unit of a word that is used independently. For example, in the verb "to eat (먹는다)," the verb stem "(먹-)" or the ending "(-는다)" cannot be used independently, so they are not words. That is, "(먹-)" and "(-는다)" are not words, but "to eat (먹는다)" is a word.
Particles(조사), like endings, cannot be used alone and are realized when attached to nouns, which differs from ordinary words. However, particles can maintain the self-reliance of nouns even when separated from the nouns they are attached to.
Even if "밥을" is separated into "밥(rice)" and "을(particle)," "밥(rice)" is still self-reliant. This differs from when the stems of verbs or adjectives and endings are separated, as both the stems and endings lose their self-reliance. For this reason, it can be said that particles are closer to words than endings."

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Final ending (어말어미)

Is a particle (조사) a word?

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