batchim(final consonant) pronunciation

Batchim (Final Consonant) Pronunciation

Korean has 19 consonants, including 14 basic and 5 double consonants.

The full set: ㄱ, ㄲ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄸ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅃ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅇ, ㅈ, ㅉ, ㅊ, ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅎ

Initial vs Final Consonants

In 초성 (initial), consonants are pronounced as written. In 종성 (final), or 받침, some change pronunciation.

종성 is Sino-Korean for "final sound"; native word 받침 means "support."

Examples

수박 → su-bak
ㅅ as initial = [s]

웃다 → 욷따 (ut-dda)
ㅅ as 받침 = [ㄷ]

Consonants That Keep Their Sound

The 7 that remain unchanged in 받침:

ㄱ, ㄴ, ㄷ, ㄹ, ㅁ, ㅂ, ㅇ

Consonants That Change in 받침

받침	Pronounced As	Example
ㄲ, ㅋ	ㄱ	겪다 → 격따
ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅌ	ㄷ	웃다 → 욷따
ㅍ	ㅂ	덮다 → 덥따
ㅎ	Contextual	좋다 → 조타

Fortis (경음화) Phenomenon

If 받침 ends in ㄱ, ㄷ, or ㅂ, the following consonant may become tense (double).

받침	Next	Becomes	Example
ㅅ → ㄷ	ㄷ	ㄸ	웃다 → 욷따
ㅍ → ㅂ	ㄷ	ㄸ	덮다 → 덥따
ㄲ, ㅋ → ㄱ	ㄷ	ㄸ	겪다 → 격따

Summary

• 7 consonants stay the same in 받침.
• 12 change into one of the 7 standard final sounds.
• 받침 can trigger tense consonants in the next syllable (경음화).

웃다:

ㅅ → ㄷ (받침 rule)

ㄷ → ㄸ (fortis)

Final: 욷따