가나다 (GANADA) Choreography by AIKI & HOOK
Korean traditional poetry (Even if the TaeSAN is high, it is only below the Sky)
Author: Yang Sa-eon (1517-1584) was a civil official and calligrapher of the Joseon Dynasty.
태산이 높다 하되 하늘 아래 뫼이로다. (Though the Taesan is said to be high, it is still a mountain under the sky.)
오르고 또 오르면 못 오를 리 없건마는 (If you climb and climb, there's no reason you can't reach the top.)
사람이 제 아니 오르고 뫼만 높다 하더라. (People say the mountain is high without trying to climb it themselves.)
태산이 높다 하되 하늘 아래 뫼이로다. (Though the Taesan is said to be high, it is still a mountain under the sky.)
오르고 또 오르면 못 오를 리 없건마는 (If you climb and climb, there's no reason you can't reach the top.)
사람이 제 아니 오르고 뫼만 높다 하더라. (People say the mountain is high without trying to climb it themselves.)
Korean traditional poem, Azaleas — Kim So-wol
나 보기가 역겨워 가실 때에는 말없이 고이 보내드리오리다.
영변에 약산 진달래꽃 아름 따다 가실 길에 뿌리오리다.
가시는 걸음 걸음 놓인 그 꽃을 사뿐히 즈려 밟고 가시옵소서.
나 보기가 역겨워 가실 때에는 죽어도 아니 눈물 흘리오리다.
영변에 약산 진달래꽃 아름 따다 가실 길에 뿌리오리다.
가시는 걸음 걸음 놓인 그 꽃을 사뿐히 즈려 밟고 가시옵소서.
나 보기가 역겨워 가실 때에는 죽어도 아니 눈물 흘리오리다.
If you find me distasteful, and decide to leave, I will send you off quietly without a word.
In Yak Mountain, Yeongbyeon, I will gather azaleas in abundance and scatter them on your path as you go.
As you go step by step, tread lightly on those flowers, and let them cushion your way.
If you find me distasteful and decide to leave, I will not shed a single tear, even if I die.
In Yak Mountain, Yeongbyeon, I will gather azaleas in abundance and scatter them on your path as you go.
As you go step by step, tread lightly on those flowers, and let them cushion your way.
If you find me distasteful and decide to leave, I will not shed a single tear, even if I die.
Mommy, older sister, let's live by the riverside
Written by Kim So-wol in 1922.
Birth: August 6, 1902, Guseong-gun, Pyeonganbuk-do
Death: December 24, 1934
Debut: 1920 Creation 'Spring of the Wanderer'
Some of his representative works include Azalea Flowers(진달래꽃), Invocation(초혼), and Flowers On The Mountain(산유화) and he is loved for his poems that capture the traditional emotions of Korea.
엄마야 누나야 강변 살자
들에는 반짝이는 금 모랫빛 뒷문 밖에는 갈잎의 노래 엄마야 누나야 강변 살자 엄마야 누나야 강변 살자 들에는 반짝이는 금 모랫빛 뒷문 밖에는 갈잎의 노래 엄마야 누나야 강변 살자 |
Mommy, older sister, let's live by the riverside
The shining gold sand on the field The song of the fallen leaves outside the back door Mommy, older sister, let's live by the riverside Mommy, older sister, let's live by the riverside The shining gold sand on the field The song of the fallen leaves outside the back door Mommy, older sister, let's live by the riverside |
Thinking of Older Brother (오빠 생각)
뜸북 뜸북 뜸북새 논에서 울고
뻐꾹 뻐꾹 뻐꾹새 숲에서 울 때
우리 오빠 말 타고 서울 가시면
비단구두 사 가지고 오신다더니
기럭 기럭 기러기 북에서 오고
귀뚤 귀뚤 귀뚜라미 슬피 울던 날
서울 가신 오빠는 소식도 없고
나뭇잎만 우수수 떨어집니다
When the cuckoo sings in the forest,
And my brother sets off to Seoul on horseback,
He promised to bring back fine silk shoes.
The geese call as they come down from the north,
And on that sorrowful day, the crickets wept.
But my brother who left for Seoul sends no word,
And only the leaves fall, one by one.
뻐꾹 뻐꾹 뻐꾹새 숲에서 울 때
우리 오빠 말 타고 서울 가시면
비단구두 사 가지고 오신다더니
기럭 기럭 기러기 북에서 오고
귀뚤 귀뚤 귀뚜라미 슬피 울던 날
서울 가신 오빠는 소식도 없고
나뭇잎만 우수수 떨어집니다
When the cuckoo sings in the forest,
And my brother sets off to Seoul on horseback,
He promised to bring back fine silk shoes.
The geese call as they come down from the north,
And on that sorrowful day, the crickets wept.
But my brother who left for Seoul sends no word,
And only the leaves fall, one by one.
엄마가 섬그늘에 ("When Mom goes to the island's shade")
엄마가 섬그늘에 굴 따러 가면
아기가 혼자 남아 집을 보다가
바다가 불러주는 자장노래에
팔베고 스르르르 잠이 듭니다
When Mom goes to pick oysters in the island’s shade,
The baby stays at home, watching the house alone.
Lulled by the lullaby that the sea sings,
He slowly drifts off to sleep, resting his head on his arm.
아기는 잠을 곤히 자고 있지만
갈매기 울음소리 맘이 설레어
다 못찬 굴바구니 머리에 이고
엄마는 모랫길을 달려 옵니다
Though the baby is sound asleep,
The mother’s heart flutters at the sound of seagull cries.
With a basket of oysters not quite full, balanced on her head,
She runs along the sandy path, hurrying home.
"엄마가 섬그늘에" is the opening line of the well-loved Korean lullaby 섬집 아기 ("Island Baby"). It begins by setting a serene scene where the mother goes to the shade of an island to gather oysters. The line itself translates as:
"When Mom goes to the island’s shade…"
This lullaby is known for its calming melody and tender lyrics, capturing a simple yet profound moment of daily life and the bond between mother and child. The opening phrase "엄마가 섬그늘에" immediately paints an image of a peaceful, natural setting, evoking the quiet dedication of a mother working to care for her child.
아기가 혼자 남아 집을 보다가
바다가 불러주는 자장노래에
팔베고 스르르르 잠이 듭니다
When Mom goes to pick oysters in the island’s shade,
The baby stays at home, watching the house alone.
Lulled by the lullaby that the sea sings,
He slowly drifts off to sleep, resting his head on his arm.
아기는 잠을 곤히 자고 있지만
갈매기 울음소리 맘이 설레어
다 못찬 굴바구니 머리에 이고
엄마는 모랫길을 달려 옵니다
Though the baby is sound asleep,
The mother’s heart flutters at the sound of seagull cries.
With a basket of oysters not quite full, balanced on her head,
She runs along the sandy path, hurrying home.
"엄마가 섬그늘에" is the opening line of the well-loved Korean lullaby 섬집 아기 ("Island Baby"). It begins by setting a serene scene where the mother goes to the shade of an island to gather oysters. The line itself translates as:
"When Mom goes to the island’s shade…"
This lullaby is known for its calming melody and tender lyrics, capturing a simple yet profound moment of daily life and the bond between mother and child. The opening phrase "엄마가 섬그늘에" immediately paints an image of a peaceful, natural setting, evoking the quiet dedication of a mother working to care for her child.
Why Koreans Use Metal Chopsticks?
Korea is the only country in the world that uses metal chopsticks. The use of metal chopsticks in Korea dates back to the Baekje(백제) period (B.C. 18-A.D. 660) when royalty used bronze implements. During the Shilla(신라) period (B.C. 57-A.D. 935), royalty used silver implements because silver was said to tarnish with poison. In bygone eras, chopsticks used by affluent families or on special occasions were made from gold, silver, or brass.
One theory suggests that silver chopsticks would change color and warn the nobility if their food was poisoned. Eating your food with utensils of silver or even gold would also symbolize wealth and power, but as cheaper metals, such as steel, became easier to produce, the rest of the people could also eat with metal utensils.
Nowadays, Korean chopsticks are made of hollow stainless steel, which makes them light. Stainless steel is a hygienic choice because bacteria and germs cannot inhabit it. Unlike wood or plastic, stainless steel does not have pores or cracks that can trap dust or food particles, making it ideal for chopsticks where hygiene is important. In Korea, people often use a metal spoon to eat rice and soup. Therefore, wooden or bamboo chopsticks, which are easier to eat with rice, are unnecessary.
One theory suggests that silver chopsticks would change color and warn the nobility if their food was poisoned. Eating your food with utensils of silver or even gold would also symbolize wealth and power, but as cheaper metals, such as steel, became easier to produce, the rest of the people could also eat with metal utensils.
Nowadays, Korean chopsticks are made of hollow stainless steel, which makes them light. Stainless steel is a hygienic choice because bacteria and germs cannot inhabit it. Unlike wood or plastic, stainless steel does not have pores or cracks that can trap dust or food particles, making it ideal for chopsticks where hygiene is important. In Korea, people often use a metal spoon to eat rice and soup. Therefore, wooden or bamboo chopsticks, which are easier to eat with rice, are unnecessary.
Why subjects and objects are frequently omiited in Korean?
Korean is a predicate-centered language. Predicates(용언) include both verbs(동사) and adjectives(형용사). Even if a sentence ends with a noun(명사), it must end with "-이다." The type of sentence, tense(시제), and honorific(높임말) can be determined through the conjugation(활용) of the predicate endings.
Whether it is a declarative, interrogative, or exclamatory sentence is mainly determined by the shape of the ending(어미). The type of sentence changes when the shape of the ending is changed to "먹다(to eat), 먹었니(Did you eat), 먹었어(Have you eaten?) 먹었구나!(You must have eaten!) 먹지마(Don't eat), 먹자(Let's eat), 먹음(Eating), etc."
Whether the subject is respected or not also depends on whether the verb has "-시-" attached. The same is true of "하다/하시다". "하시다" is a respected form of the verb "하다." This is also true for the tense. For example, "하다(to do)/하였다(did)/하겠다(will do)".
Korean has a structure where the predicate comes at the end, and the sentence's meaning can change depending on the predicate. There is a saying in Korean that you have to listen to the end to understand fully what the speaker wants to say. This expression represents the characteristics of the Korean language well because the predicate is essential.
Korean is a predicate (verb/adjective) centered language, so the subject is often omitted. If you listen carefully to a conversation between Koreans, you will notice that they do not use the subject well. For example, in Korean sentences such as "고마워(Thank you)," "사랑해(I love you)," "물 줘(Give me water)," "어디 가? (Where are you going?)" you don't see the subject.
The same goes for the object. Korean say "고마워" without "I" or "you." If you say in Korean, "나는 너를 고마워 해 (I appreciate you)," this sounds too serious or awkward to them. This is because it is apparent that " I " appreciates "You." Typically, the subject and object are not mentioned unless necessary in Korean. As Korean is a verb-oriented language, nouns such as subject and object are often omitted in the sentence if speakers understand the nouns each other.
Whether it is a declarative, interrogative, or exclamatory sentence is mainly determined by the shape of the ending(어미). The type of sentence changes when the shape of the ending is changed to "먹다(to eat), 먹었니(Did you eat), 먹었어(Have you eaten?) 먹었구나!(You must have eaten!) 먹지마(Don't eat), 먹자(Let's eat), 먹음(Eating), etc."
Whether the subject is respected or not also depends on whether the verb has "-시-" attached. The same is true of "하다/하시다". "하시다" is a respected form of the verb "하다." This is also true for the tense. For example, "하다(to do)/하였다(did)/하겠다(will do)".
Korean has a structure where the predicate comes at the end, and the sentence's meaning can change depending on the predicate. There is a saying in Korean that you have to listen to the end to understand fully what the speaker wants to say. This expression represents the characteristics of the Korean language well because the predicate is essential.
Korean is a predicate (verb/adjective) centered language, so the subject is often omitted. If you listen carefully to a conversation between Koreans, you will notice that they do not use the subject well. For example, in Korean sentences such as "고마워(Thank you)," "사랑해(I love you)," "물 줘(Give me water)," "어디 가? (Where are you going?)" you don't see the subject.
The same goes for the object. Korean say "고마워" without "I" or "you." If you say in Korean, "나는 너를 고마워 해 (I appreciate you)," this sounds too serious or awkward to them. This is because it is apparent that " I " appreciates "You." Typically, the subject and object are not mentioned unless necessary in Korean. As Korean is a verb-oriented language, nouns such as subject and object are often omitted in the sentence if speakers understand the nouns each other.
Why can some people learn Korean quickly?
some reasons why Korean can be considered an easy language to learn.
1. 간단한 알파벳 체계
- 한국어의 문자 체계인 한글은 24개의 기본 자음과 모음으로 이루어져 있어 배우기 쉽습니다.
- Korean uses the Hangeul alphabet, which consists of only 24 basic consonants and vowels.
- 음소 단위로 구성되어 있어 발음과 문자의 관계가 명확하고, 각 글자가 소리와 대응하여 읽기 쉽습니다.
- It’s a phonetic writing system where each character corresponds closely to a specific sound, making reading and pronunciation straightforward.
2. 문법의 일관성
- 한국어는 문법이 비교적 일관성이 있습니다.
- Korean grammar is relatively consistent.
- 예를 들어, 동사나 형용사는 동일한 규칙에 따라 변형되며, 주어-목적어-동사의 어순을 지켜 문장을 구성할 수 있습니다.
- For example, verbs and adjectives follow similar conjugation rules, and sentences generally follow a subject-object-verb order.
- 이러한 일관성은 학습자를 돕는 큰 장점입니다.
- This consistency can be very helpful for learners.
3. 존댓말과 반말
- 한국어에는 존댓말(높임말)과 반말이 있어 상대방에 따라 격식을 표현할 수 있습니다.
- Korean has both formal (polite) and informal speech levels, allowing speakers to adjust based on social context.
- 언어 학습 초반에는 조금 어려울 수 있지만, 사용 패턴이 정해져 있어 익히면 쉽게 사용할 수 있습니다.
- While it may seem challenging initially, the patterns are quite structured, so it’s easy to use correctly with practice.
4. 발음의 체계성
- 한국어는 발음이 비교적 규칙적이고 예외가 적습니다.
- Korean pronunciation follows consistent patterns with fewer exceptions than some other languages.
- 특정 자음과 모음 조합에 따라 발음이 일관되게 결정되어 있어, 외국인 학습자들이 발음을 쉽게 배울 수 있습니다.
- Each consonant and vowel combination has a predictable sound, making it easier for learners to master pronunciation.
5. 자연스러운 표현 방식
- 한국어는 상황에 따라 다양한 표현 방식이 있지만, 기본적인 의사소통을 위한 핵심 표현은 학습하기 쉬운 편입니다.
- Korean has many natural expressions that are straightforward to learn.
- 일상생활에서 자주 쓰이는 표현들을 배우면 간단한 대화가 가능합니다.
- Once you know a few key phrases for everyday use, it’s easy to handle basic conversations.
이와 같은 이유로 한국어는 체계적이고 규칙적인 언어로 학습하기 쉬운 언어라는 평가를 받기도 합니다.
Due to these reasons, Korean is often seen as a structured and rule-based language, making it an accessible option for language learners.
- 한국어의 문자 체계인 한글은 24개의 기본 자음과 모음으로 이루어져 있어 배우기 쉽습니다.
- Korean uses the Hangeul alphabet, which consists of only 24 basic consonants and vowels.
- 음소 단위로 구성되어 있어 발음과 문자의 관계가 명확하고, 각 글자가 소리와 대응하여 읽기 쉽습니다.
- It’s a phonetic writing system where each character corresponds closely to a specific sound, making reading and pronunciation straightforward.
2. 문법의 일관성
- 한국어는 문법이 비교적 일관성이 있습니다.
- Korean grammar is relatively consistent.
- 예를 들어, 동사나 형용사는 동일한 규칙에 따라 변형되며, 주어-목적어-동사의 어순을 지켜 문장을 구성할 수 있습니다.
- For example, verbs and adjectives follow similar conjugation rules, and sentences generally follow a subject-object-verb order.
- 이러한 일관성은 학습자를 돕는 큰 장점입니다.
- This consistency can be very helpful for learners.
3. 존댓말과 반말
- 한국어에는 존댓말(높임말)과 반말이 있어 상대방에 따라 격식을 표현할 수 있습니다.
- Korean has both formal (polite) and informal speech levels, allowing speakers to adjust based on social context.
- 언어 학습 초반에는 조금 어려울 수 있지만, 사용 패턴이 정해져 있어 익히면 쉽게 사용할 수 있습니다.
- While it may seem challenging initially, the patterns are quite structured, so it’s easy to use correctly with practice.
4. 발음의 체계성
- 한국어는 발음이 비교적 규칙적이고 예외가 적습니다.
- Korean pronunciation follows consistent patterns with fewer exceptions than some other languages.
- 특정 자음과 모음 조합에 따라 발음이 일관되게 결정되어 있어, 외국인 학습자들이 발음을 쉽게 배울 수 있습니다.
- Each consonant and vowel combination has a predictable sound, making it easier for learners to master pronunciation.
5. 자연스러운 표현 방식
- 한국어는 상황에 따라 다양한 표현 방식이 있지만, 기본적인 의사소통을 위한 핵심 표현은 학습하기 쉬운 편입니다.
- Korean has many natural expressions that are straightforward to learn.
- 일상생활에서 자주 쓰이는 표현들을 배우면 간단한 대화가 가능합니다.
- Once you know a few key phrases for everyday use, it’s easy to handle basic conversations.
이와 같은 이유로 한국어는 체계적이고 규칙적인 언어로 학습하기 쉬운 언어라는 평가를 받기도 합니다.
Due to these reasons, Korean is often seen as a structured and rule-based language, making it an accessible option for language learners.
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